正確的「業務估值」能讓買賣雙方於合理售價下作出正確的交易決定,有效把握時機將業務成功轉讓。生意業務的價值可根據業務之「過去投資」、「現在營運狀況」及「未來發展潛力」三方面作評估。
「過去投資」是根據出讓業務由開業至今所投放的資金,其中包括「有形資產」及「無形資產」。
「有形資產」是較易作出估值的實質資源,例如裝修、牌照、設備和生財工具等(計算「有形資產」時必須扣除折舊率)
「無形資產」是指一些較難估值卻又並非實質資源,包括商譽 (Goodwill)、商標 (Trademark)、客戶 (Customers) 及 供應商關係 (Supplier Relationship)、知識產權 (Intellectual Property Right)、商業網絡 (Business Network)、營運竅門 (Business Secret) (例如獨有秘方)、業務資料庫 (Database)(顧客及供應商名單)……等。假設該業務擁有多年良好商譽,顧客及供應商對其服務水平與信心均有保證,興此同時,其商譽更可協助開拓新客源,因此業務之價值相對較高。
「現在營運狀況」是根據出讓業務目前之盈利狀況,從而推算回本期 (Payback Period),藉此確定盈利及回本期是否合理。一般採用 EBITDA 方式計算。(EBITDA = Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization)是指未計利息、稅項、折舊及攤銷前的盈利。
再者,如出讓業務之各項會計賬目清晰或單據記錄齊備,不單方便專業核數師查核,亦有助提升準買家對該業務之盈利可信程度,確保業務的價值。
「未來發展潛力」是根據出讓業務目前之營運狀況、東主參與及投入程度、市場趨勢、產品服務及宣傳推廣策略,預計該業務之未來改善空間及發展潛力,從而評估其價值。
除可根據上述三方面作評估,亦可根據近期同類業務之放盤價或成交個案以作參考。
Selling Price:$845,000
Indicative Profit:$75,000
Selling Price:$3,260,000
Indicative Profit:$80,000
Selling Price:$2,790,000
Indicative Profit:$155,000
Selling Price:$118,000
Indicative Profit:$16,000
Selling Price:$710,000
Indicative Profit:$50,000
Selling Price:$398,000
Indicative Profit:$50,000
Selling Price:$220,000
Indicative Profit:$20,000
Selling Price:$198,000
Selling Price:$1,880,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$478,000
Selling Price:$638,000
Indicative Profit:$40,000
Selling Price:$852,000
Indicative Profit:$70,000
Selling Price:$58,000
不適用
Selling Price:$118,000
Indicative Profit:$15,000
Selling Price:$468,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$60,000
Selling Price:$48,000
不適用
Selling Price:$298,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$118,000
Indicative Profit:$25,000
Selling Price:$149,000
不適用
Selling Price:$289,000
不適用
Selling Price:$288,000
Indicative Profit:$45,000
Selling Price:$129,000
Selling Price:$138,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$58,000
不適用
Selling Price:$1,190,000
Indicative Profit:$35,000
Selling Price:$296,000
不適用
Selling Price:$700,000
不適用
Selling Price:$205,000
$35,000 (連東主及朋友薪金在內)
Selling Price:$228,000
$35,000 (連東主及親戚薪金在內)
Selling Price:$98,000
不適用
Selling Price:$138,000
不適用
Selling Price:$210,000
不適用
Selling Price:$50,000
Indicative Profit:$15,000
Selling Price:$68,000
不適用
Selling Price:$436,000
Indicative Profit:$45,000
Selling Price:$260,000
Indicative Profit:$27,000
Selling Price:$255,000
Indicative Profit:$80,000
Selling Price:$78,000
Selling Price:$427,000
Indicative Profit:$35,000
Selling Price:$498,000
不適用
Selling Price:$360,000
Indicative Profit:$16,000
Selling Price:$149,000
$30,000 (連東主薪金在內)
Selling Price:$2,500,000
Indicative Profit:$100,000
Selling Price:$427,000
Indicative Profit:$50,000
Selling Price:$78,000
Indicative Profit:$14,000
Selling Price:$696,000
Indicative Profit:$50,000
Selling Price:$2,800,000
Indicative Profit:$180,000
Selling Price:$218,000
Indicative Profit:$20,000
Selling Price:$360,000
Selling Price:$423,000
Indicative Profit:$25,000
Selling Price:$219,000
Selling Price:$260,000
Indicative Profit:$50,000
Selling Price:$3,425,000
Indicative Profit:$300,000
Selling Price:$1,190,000
Indicative Profit:$55,000
Selling Price:$358,000
Indicative Profit:$50,000
Selling Price:$325,000
不適用
Selling Price:$853,000
$180,000(未扣除東主及4位股東薪金)
Selling Price:$983,000
$90,000(未扣除東主及東主先生薪金)
Selling Price:$100,000
不適用
Selling Price:$99,000
不適用
Selling Price:$359,000
$65,000(未扣除東主及4位股東)
Selling Price:$120,000
不適用
Selling Price:$219,000
$75,000(未扣除 2 位東主薪金)
Selling Price:$569,000
Indicative Profit:$60,000
Selling Price:$347,000
Indicative Profit:$15,000
Selling Price:$132,000
Selling Price:$569,000
Indicative Profit:$25,000
Selling Price:$805,000
Indicative Profit:$32,000
Selling Price:$222,000
Indicative Profit:$10,000
Selling Price:$852,000
Indicative Profit:$140,000
Selling Price:$263,000
不適用
Selling Price:$60,000
$20,000(未扣除東主及1位股東薪金)
Selling Price:$580,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$645,000
$75,000(未扣除東主及1 位股東薪金)
Selling Price:$338,000
Indicative Profit:$35,000
Selling Price:$222,000
不適用
Selling Price:$110,000
Indicative Profit:$10,000
Selling Price:$222,000
不適用
Selling Price:$360,000
不適用
Selling Price:$220,000
不適用
Selling Price:$292,000
Indicative Profit:$40,000
Selling Price:$318,000
Indicative Profit:$10,000
Selling Price:$395,000
Indicative Profit:$13,500
Selling Price:$291,000
不適用
Selling Price:$853,000
Indicative Profit:$80,000
Selling Price:$240,000
Indicative Profit:$20,000
Selling Price:$435,000
不適用
Selling Price:$645,000
Indicative Profit:$45,000
Selling Price:$1,130,000
Selling Price:$128,000
不適用
Selling Price:$135,000
Indicative Profit:$16,000
Selling Price:$1,680,000
Indicative Profit:$20,000
Selling Price:$290,000
Indicative Profit:$5,000
Selling Price:$398,000
$35,000(未扣除東主及東主先生之薪金)
Selling Price:$297,000
$20,000(未扣除東主及東主太太薪金)
Selling Price:$157,000
Selling Price:$430,000
Selling Price:$107,000
Indicative Profit:$7,000
Selling Price:$645,000
Indicative Profit:$100,000
Selling Price:$430,000
Indicative Profit:$35,000
Selling Price:$58,000
Indicative Profit:$13,000
Selling Price:$145,000
不適用
Selling Price:$1,950,000
Indicative Profit:$120,000
Selling Price:$152,000
不適用
Selling Price:$645,000
Indicative Profit:$35,000
Selling Price:$1,270,000
Indicative Profit:$100,000
Selling Price:$568,000
不適用
Selling Price:$569,000
Indicative Profit:$25,000
Selling Price:$360,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$645,000
Indicative Profit:$25,000
Selling Price:$58,000
不適用
Selling Price:$88,000
Indicative Profit:$15,000
Selling Price:$95,000
不適用
Selling Price:$298,000
$40,000 (未扣除東主及 2 位股東薪金)
Selling Price:$430,000
Indicative Profit:$35,000
Selling Price:$477,000
Indicative Profit:$28,000
Selling Price:$685,000
Indicative Profit:$28,000
Selling Price:$298,000
不適用
Selling Price:$435,000
Indicative Profit:$40,000
Selling Price:$430,000
Indicative Profit:$29,000
Selling Price:$152,000
不適用
Selling Price:$368,000
Indicative Profit:$45,000
Selling Price:$290,000
Indicative Profit:$20,000
Selling Price:$297,000
Selling Price:$360,000
Selling Price:$920,000
$100,000 (未扣除東主及東主太太薪金)
Selling Price:$228,000
不適用
Selling Price:$160,000
不適用
Selling Price:$366,000
不適用
Selling Price:$278,000
Indicative Profit:$20,000
Selling Price:$470,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$227,000
不適用
Selling Price:$130,000
不適用
Selling Price:$255,000
Selling Price:$366,000
$55,000(未扣除東主及東主1位薪金)
Selling Price:$693,000
Indicative Profit:$60,000
Selling Price:$220,000
不適用
Selling Price:$220,000
Indicative Profit:$12,000
Selling Price:$1,680,000
Indicative Profit:$91,000
Selling Price:$152,000
不適用
Selling Price:$269,000
不適用
Selling Price:$430,000
東主因發展其他業務
Selling Price:$436,000
Indicative Profit:$35,000
Selling Price:$1,120,000
Indicative Profit:$25,000
Selling Price:$227,000
Indicative Profit:$58,000
Selling Price:$290,000
Indicative Profit:$18,000
Selling Price:$457,000
Indicative Profit:$20,000
Selling Price:$2,100,000
不適用
Selling Price:$990,000
Indicative Profit:$80,000
Selling Price:$290,000
Indicative Profit:$60,000
Selling Price:$296,000
Indicative Profit:$60,000
Selling Price:$500,000
Selling Price:$366,000
不適用
Selling Price:$7,630,000
Indicative Profit:$170,000
Selling Price:$920,000
Indicative Profit:$60,000
Selling Price:$56,000
不適用
Selling Price:$990,000
Indicative Profit:$45,000
Selling Price:$198,000
Indicative Profit:$8,000
Selling Price:$708,000
Indicative Profit:$20,000
Selling Price:$430,000
Indicative Profit:$16,000
Selling Price:$158,000
不適用
Selling Price:$290,000
Indicative Profit:$20,000
Selling Price:$366,000
不適用
Selling Price:$325,000
不適用
Selling Price:$1,380,000
Indicative Profit:$20,000
Selling Price:$108,000
Indicative Profit:$7,000
Selling Price:$228,000
不適用
Selling Price:$65,000
Selling Price:$568,000
不適用
Selling Price:$290,000
Indicative Profit:$15,000
Selling Price:$715,000
Indicative Profit:$50,000
Selling Price:$498,000
不適用
Selling Price:$715,000
Indicative Profit:$50,000
Selling Price:$574,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$158,000
不適用
Selling Price:$2,200,000
Indicative Profit:$120,000
Selling Price:$4,120,000
Indicative Profit:$50,000
Selling Price:$398,000
Indicative Profit:$60,000
Selling Price:$263,000
不適用
Selling Price:$158,000
Selling Price:$568,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$708,000
不適用
Selling Price:$575,000
不適用
Selling Price:$108,000
Indicative Profit:$18,000
Selling Price:$163,000
-
Selling Price:$1,980,000
不適用
Selling Price:$296,000
不適用
Selling Price:$366,000
Indicative Profit:$70,000
Selling Price:$920,000
Indicative Profit:$100,000
Selling Price:$1,130,000
Indicative Profit:$20,000
Selling Price:$990,000
不適用
Selling Price:$540,000
不適用
Selling Price:$456,000
Selling Price:$346,000
Indicative Profit:$10,000
Selling Price:$288,000
不適用
Selling Price:$6,960,000
Indicative Profit:$70,000
Selling Price:$435,000
不適用
Selling Price:$158,000
Indicative Profit:$37,000
Selling Price:$430,000
不適用
Selling Price:$296,000
Indicative Profit:$40,000
Selling Price:$686,000
不適用
Selling Price:$8,708,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$499,000
Indicative Profit:$50,000
Selling Price:$366,000
Indicative Profit:$98,000
Selling Price:$638,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$606,000
不適用
Selling Price:$298,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$290,000
Indicative Profit:$48,000
Selling Price:$645,000
不適用
Selling Price:$220,000
不適用
Selling Price:$5,450,000
Indicative Profit:$100,000
Selling Price:$707,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$82,000
不適用
Selling Price:$575,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$2,450,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$825,000
Indicative Profit:$45,000
Selling Price:$436,000
不適用
Selling Price:$575,000
Indicative Profit:$90,000
Selling Price:$235,000
Indicative Profit:$15,000
Selling Price:$740,000
Indicative Profit:$70,000
Selling Price:$698,000
Indicative Profit:$45,000
Selling Price:$457,000
不適用
Selling Price:$645,000
不適用
Selling Price:$713,000
Selling Price:$297,000
Indicative Profit:$100,000
Selling Price:$2,460,000
不適用
Selling Price:$298,000
Indicative Profit:$25,000
Selling Price:$4,370,000
Indicative Profit:$70,000
Selling Price:$366,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$158,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$360,000
Indicative Profit:$25,000
Selling Price:$138,000
不適用
Selling Price:$435,000
Indicative Profit:$40,000
Selling Price:$275,000
Indicative Profit:$209,000
Selling Price:$280,000
不適用
Selling Price:$235,000
不適用
Selling Price:$98,000
不適用
Selling Price:$890,000
Indicative Profit:$93,000
Selling Price:$780,000
Indicative Profit:$120,000
Selling Price:$528,000
不適用
Selling Price:$625,000
不適用
Selling Price:$298,000
Indicative Profit:$70,000
Selling Price:$288,000
不適用
Selling Price:$488,000
Indicative Profit:$30,000
Selling Price:$280,000
不適用
Selling Price:$1,390,000
Indicative Profit:$258,000
Selling Price:$278,000
不適用
Selling Price:$288,000
不適用
Selling Price:$8,900,000
Indicative Profit:$320,000
Selling Price:$288,000
Indicative Profit:$20,000
Selling Price:$50,000
不適用
Selling Price:$360,000
Indicative Profit:$60,000
Selling Price:$2,380,000
Indicative Profit:$160,000
Selling Price:$1,150,000
Indicative Profit:$120,000
Selling Price:$288,000
不適用